Many of the people growing corn will recognize the lumps that are forming on the inside of the ear of corn. Some will post pictures of the lumps on social media and ask “Is My Corn Okay?” The answer to that question is yes, it is okay.
These lumps are called corn smut. Corn smut is a naturally occurring fungus that grows on the inside of the ear of corn, causing the kernels to become swollen and form these lumps. There is nothing wrong with the corn, and they are not poisonous, nor are they related to chemicals. Additionally, corn smut is not uncommon and is actually considered a delicacy in some areas of the world.
So, keep reading because I have a pretty cool food story to tell you.
What Is Corn Smut? (Ustilago maydis)
Corn smut is a fungus that attacks corn plants. The fungus (specifically Ustilago maydis) enters the corn plant and causes the kernels to become swollen, irregularly shaped, and pale grayish-white. As the smut matures, the color changes and becomes either black or charcoal-colored.
In addition to the kernels being affected, the fungus can also produce blisters on the tassel and sometimes on the stalk. The two defining characteristics of corn smut are the dramatic change from the normal smooth kernels found on ears of corn. They change to the lumpy, blistered, black or charcoal-colored growths associated with corn smut.
Another thing that makes Ustilago maydis unique is that it has its own life cycle. While the majority of other molds require specific conditions to grow, Ustilago maydis can thrive in a variety of different conditions. For those interested in the science behind the development of corn smut and how nature produces these strange and somewhat mystifying growths, Ustilago maydis is quite fascinating.
How Does Corn Smut Develop?
Corn smut appears to occur when the spores of Ustilago maydis are in the area. The conditions are favorable for the spores to germinate and infect the corn. The ideal conditions for the spores to germinate and infect the corn are warm and wet. Corn is typically more susceptible to infection due to physical damage to the plant. Physical damage can be caused by insect activity, hail, strong wind, or many other factors. Once the plant is damaged, it provides an entryway for the spore. The fungus can then begin to develop within the kernel.
It is important to note that the presence of corn smut is not an indicator of how well the corn was raised. It is not a result of poor agricultural practices, and it does not indicate that the corn is contaminated.
Can Corn Smut Be Eaten?
If corn smut is harvested at the correct time (i.e., when it is firm, moist, and silvery gray), it can be safely eaten. When the smut dries and begins to flake, or when it develops a strong odor, it is best to discard it.
From a food safety standpoint, there is no known toxicity associated with corn smut. Food safety professionals agree that when corn smut is cooked using typical food preparation methods, it presents no health risks.
Whether or not to consume corn smut is purely a personal choice. If you discover corn smut on your corn and you are uncomfortable consuming it, do not feel pressured to do so. On the other hand, if you are adventurous enough to try it, make sure it was harvested at the appropriate time and that it has been properly cleaned prior to consumption.
Huitlacoche: A Gourmet Ingredient From Crop Disease
This is where things get exciting, corn smut is not just safe to eat, it’s a prized ingredient in some Mexican dishes. Huitlacoche is the name given to corn smut in Mexico, which literally means “excrement of corn” in the Nahuatl language. Despite the unappealing-sounding name, huitlacoche is a staple in Mexican cuisine and has been enjoyed for generations.
The flavor of huitlacoche is often described as earthy and slightly mushroom-like, with a subtle sweetness and smokiness. The unique flavor of huitlacoche is like nothing else and adds a richness to dishes that is unparalleled. Huitlacoche is commonly used in tacos, soups, and as a filling in quesadillas, really anywhere a strong, earthy flavor is desired.
While industrial farming operations in the United States generally treat huitlacoche as a crop disease to eliminate, many traditional cooks view it as a treasure. Clearly, differing viewpoints create vastly different results when it comes to the same item. What one person views as spoiled or defective, another person views as gourmet-quality.
Why You May See Corn Smut at Your Local Farmers Market
You may be surprised to see corn smut at your local farmers market. Shouldn’t this stuff be tossed?
Many small-scale growers tend to celebrate diversity and curiosity in their crops. Growers selling huitlacoche know there is a community of consumers that appreciate the unique qualities of this product. Growers unintentionally leaving huitlacoche on the ear are simply unaware that someone may be willing to purchase it. Regardless of the circumstances, it does not relate to poor food handling.
Because grocery stores will not typically carry huitlacoche (it looks unusual), you will likely find the true innovators in the marketplace at farmers markets.
What To Do If You Discover Corn Smut on Your Freshly Picked Corn
You’ve just discovered corn smut on your fresh-picked corn. What now?
Do not panic. If the smut is firm, moist, and doesn’t smell foul, it probably still falls in the edible range. However, if the smut is dry, crumbly, or has a strong odor, discard it immediately.
Also, you might want to ask the grower/producer if they intentionally harvested the huitlacoche. If you’re feeling adventurous, there are many recipes available online for incorporating huitlacoche into dishes. Alternatively, if you are not interested in eating huitlacoche, you are not judged, simply toss it.
Once you learn more about corn smut, it is much less intimidating, and perhaps even more intriguing. The fungus is a natural part of our environment and has no relation to chemicals. When it is properly harvested, it can provide both safe consumption options and a culinary experience for many.
